Lorlatinib requires careful medical supervision because it can affect the central nervous system, lipid metabolism, cardiac conduction, lungs, blood pressure and glucose regulation.
Strong CYP3A inducers
Concomitant use with strong CYP3A inducers is contraindicated because it can substantially reduce lorlatinib exposure and may also produce serious hepatotoxicity. The FDA label recommends discontinuing a strong CYP3A inducer for the specified period before starting LORBRENA.
Central nervous system effects
CNS reactions may include:
- Cognitive impairment
- Mood changes
- Psychotic effects
- Speech changes
- Changes in mental status
- Sleep disturbances
- Seizures
- Suicidal ideation
Treatment interruption, dose modification or discontinuation may be required depending on severity.
Hyperlipidemia
Lorlatinib commonly increases cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Lipid levels should be assessed and managed according to clinical need.
Atrioventricular block
Lorlatinib can affect cardiac conduction. Patients with relevant cardiac risk factors or symptoms may require appropriate cardiac monitoring.
Interstitial lung disease/pneumonitis
Pulmonary toxicity can occur. New respiratory symptoms should not be assumed to be an ordinary side effect, particularly when symptoms are severe or progressive.
Hypertension
Blood pressure can increase during lorlatinib treatment and should be monitored according to the prescribing information and clinical circumstances.
Hyperglycemia
Lorlatinib may increase blood glucose. Patients with diabetes or other glucose-related risk factors may require additional monitoring.
Drug interactions
Current U.S. labeling identifies important interactions involving:
- Strong CYP3A inducers
- Moderate CYP3A inducers
- Strong CYP3A inhibitors
- Fluconazole
- Certain P-gp substrates
Pregnancy
The FDA label contains embryo-fetal toxicity information. Pregnancy should be discussed with the treating healthcare professional before treatment.
Lactation
The U.S. prescribing information advises patients not to breastfeed during LORBRENA treatment.
Laboratory monitoring
Depending on the patient’s clinical circumstances, monitoring can include:
- Lipid profile
- Blood glucose
- Liver function
- Blood pressure
- Cardiac conduction
- Pulmonary assessment
- Neurological and psychiatric assessment